ONLINE FIRST
Evaluation of Potential Infectivity of Alzheimer and Parkinson Disease
Proteins in Recipients of Cadaver-Derived Human Growth Hormone
David J. Irwin, MD; Joseph Y. Abrams, MPH; Lawrence B. Schonberger, MD,
MPH; Ellen Werber Leschek, MD; James L. Mills, MD, MS; Virginia M.-Y. Lee, PhD,
MBA; John Q. Trojanowski, MD, PhD JAMA Neurol. 2013;():1-7.
doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.1933.
Published online February 4, 2013
Importance Growing evidence of cell-to-cell transmission of
neurodegenerative disease (ND)–associated proteins (NDAPs) (ie, tau, Aβ, and
α-synuclein) suggests possible similarities to the infectious prion protein
(PrPsc) in spongiform encephalopathies. There are limited data on the potential
human-to-human transmission of NDAPs associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) and
other non-PrPsc ND.
Objective To examine evidence for human-to-human transmission of AD,
Parkinson disease (PD), and related NDAPs in cadaveric human growth hormone
(c-hGH) recipients.
Design We conducted a detailed immunohistochemical analysis of pathological
NDAPs other than PrPsc in human pituitary glands. We also searched for ND in
recipients of pituitary-derived c-hGH by reviewing the National Hormone and
Pituitary Program (NHPP) cohort database and medical literature.
Setting University-based academic center and agencies of the US Department
of Health and Human Services.
Participants Thirty-four routine autopsy subjects (10 non-ND controls and
24 patients with ND) and a US cohort of c-hGH recipients in the NHPP.
Main Outcome Measures Detectable NDAPs in human pituitary sections and
death certificate reports of non-PrPsc ND in the NHPP database.
Results We found mild amounts of pathological tau, Aβ, and α-synuclein
deposits in the adeno/neurohypophysis of patients with ND and control patients.
No cases of AD or PD were identified, and 3 deaths attributed to amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS) were found among US NHPP c-hGH recipients, including 2
of the 796 decedents in the originally confirmed NHPP c-hGH cohort
database.
Conclusions and Relevance Despite the likely frequent exposure of c-hGH
recipients to NDAPs, and their markedly elevated risk of PrPsc-related disease,
this population of NHPP c-hGH recipients does not appear to be at increased risk
of AD or PD. We discovered 3 ALS cases of unclear significance among US c-hGH
recipients despite the absence of pathological deposits of ALS-associated
proteins (TDP-43, FUS, and ubiquilin) in human pituitary glands. In this unique
in vivo model of human-to-human transmission, we found no evidence to support
concerns that NDAPs underlying AD and PD transmit disease in humans despite
evidence of their cell-to-cell transmission in model systems of these disorders.
Further monitoring is required to confirm these conclusions.
"By interrogating an existing database with information on a cohort of well-characterized patients, we were able to determine that there is no evidence suggesting the pathology of Alzheimer's or Parkinson's can transmit between humans," said senior author John Q. Trojanowski, MD, PhD, professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and co-director of the Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research." ...
really ???
From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
Sent: Tuesday, February 05, 2013 10:56 AM
Cc: kim.menard@uphs.upenn.edu ; Karen.kreeger@uphs.upenn.edu ; VMYLEE@MAIL.MED.UPENN.EDU ; evpdean@mail.med.upenn.edu ; mattera@mail.med.upenn.edu ; trojanow@mail.med.upenn.edu ; karen.kreeger@uphs.upenn.edu ; jessica.mikulski@uphs.upenn.edu
; holly.auer@uphs.upenn.edu ; katie.delach@uphs.upenn.edu ; katie.delach@uphs.upenn.edu ; katie.delach@uphs.upenn.edu ; katie.delach@uphs.upenn.edu
Subject: Penn study confirms no transmission of Alzheimer's proteins
between humans ?
Penn study confirms no transmission of Alzheimer's proteins between humans
?
Contact: Kim Menard kim.menard@uphs.upenn.edu 215-662-6183 University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Penn study confirms no transmission of Alzheimer's proteins between humans
PHILADELPHIA - Mounting evidence demonstrates that the pathological
proteins linked to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders are
capable of spreading from cell-to-cell within the brains of affected individuals
and thereby "spread" disease from one interconnected brain region to another. A
new study found no evidence to support concerns that these abnormal disease
proteins are "infectious" or transmitted from animals to humans or from one
person to another. The study by researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine
at the University of Pennsylvania, in conjunction with experts from the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and the Department of Health and Human Services,
appears online in JAMA Neurology.
Cell-to-cell transmission is a potentially common pathway for disease
spreading and progression in diseases like Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD)
disease as well as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS) and other related disorders. It appears that misfolded proteins
spread from one cell to another and that the affected neurons become
dysfunctional, while these toxic proteins go on to damage other regions of the
brain over time.
"By interrogating an existing database with information on a cohort of
well-characterized patients, we were able to determine that there is no evidence
suggesting the pathology of Alzheimer's or Parkinson's can transmit between
humans," said senior author John Q. Trojanowski, MD, PhD, professor of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine and co-director of the Penn Center for Neurodegenerative
Disease Research. "We can now redouble efforts to find treatments, via
immunotherapies or other approaches to stop the spreading of these toxic
proteins between cells."
In order to verify whether such proteins could potentially be carried from
person to person, the team of researchers analyzed data from an existing cohort
of patients who had received human growth hormone (hGH) from cadaveric pituitary
glands via a national program, as a beneficial treatment for stunted growth,
before synthetic hGH was available. Nearly 7,700 patients were treated with
cadaver-derived hGH (c-hGH) in the US between 1963 and 1985. In the mid-1980s,
more than 200 patients worldwide who had received c-hGH inadvertently
contaminated with prion proteins from affected donor pituitary tissue went on to
develop an acquired form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a rare,
degenerative, invariably fatal brain disorder caused by pathological prion
proteins that also are the cause of Mad Cow disease. Since then, the cohort has
been followed to track any additional cases of CJD, with extensive medical
histories for patients over the 30+ years since the c-hGH therapy was stopped
after the link to CJD was discovered in 1985.
In this current study, researchers looked for signs of an elevated risk of
AD, PD, FTLD or ALS among this group and found that none of the c-hGH recipients
developed AD, PD or FTLD. The team did identify three ALS cases of unclear
significance, given that no traces of ALS disease proteins (TDP-43, FUS and
Ubiquilin) were found in human pituitary glands, despite the presence of
pathological AD (tau, Aβ) and PD (alpha-synuclein) proteins. This clarified that
c-hGH recipients were most likely exposed to these neurodegenerative disease
proteins linked to AD, PD and FTLD but this did not result in transmission of
disease from person to person.
"This cohort is an invaluable resource and should continue to be followed,
especially as we rapidly increase our understanding of disease progression in
neurodegenerative conditions," said David Irwin, MD, lead author, and fellow in
the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research and the department of
Neurology in the Perelman School of Medicine.
###
The other co-authors of this study are Joseph Y. Abrams, Lawrence B.
Schonberger, Ellen W. Leschek, James L. Mills, and Virginia M.-Y. Lee. This
research was supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging (P30
AG010124, Alzheimer's Core Center grant, T32-AG000255), Intramural Research
Program and National Institute of Child Health and Development at the National
Institutes of Health.
Penn Medicine is one of the world's leading academic medical centers,
dedicated to the related missions of medical education, biomedical research, and
excellence in patient care. Penn Medicine consists of the Raymond and Ruth
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (founded in 1765
as the nation's first medical school) and the University of Pennsylvania Health
System, which together form a $4.3 billion enterprise.
The Perelman School of Medicine is currently ranked #2 in U.S. News &
World Report's survey of research-oriented medical schools. The School is
consistently among the nation's top recipients of funding from the National
Institutes of Health, with $479.3 million awarded in the 2011 fiscal year.
The University of Pennsylvania Health System's patient care facilities
include: The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania -- recognized as one of
the nation's top "Honor Roll" hospitals by U.S. News & World Report; Penn
Presbyterian Medical Center; and Pennsylvania Hospital – the nation's first
hospital, founded in 1751. Penn Medicine also includes additional patient care
facilities and services throughout the Philadelphia region.
Penn Medicine is committed to improving lives and health through a variety
of community-based programs and activities. In fiscal year 2011, Penn Medicine
provided $854 million to benefit our community.
Penn study confirms no transmission of Alzheimer's proteins between humans
?
confused ???
Greetings Jama, Penn state, Perelman School of Medicine Deans et al,
eurekalert, Authors et al,
In my opinion, this subject title (NOT a transmission study, but only a
study a team of researchers did by analyzed data from hGH recipients years,
decades ago), and it’s interpretations, as described by Kim Menard
“Penn study confirms no transmission of Alzheimer's proteins between
humans” ,
IN my opinion, is false.
In my opinion, this study does not prove or confirm that Alzheimer’s does
not transmit to humans. your title is very misleading in my opinion. very
confusing, as the title here stipulated from eurekalert. Penn state DID NOT
confirm or prove that Alzheimer’s proteins are NOT transmissible between humans,
of the contrary, there is indeed science showing that Alzheimer’s disease IS
transmissible. I am very close to all this, please see ;
Penn Study: Transmission of Tangles in Alzheimer's Mice Provides More
Authentic Model of Tau Pathology
January 16, 2013
snip...
The study demonstrates that synthetic tau fibrils alone are capable of
inducing authentic NFT-like tau clumps and initiating spreading of tau pathology
in an Alzheimer’s mouse model.
Transmission of Tangles in Alzheimer's Mice Provides More Authentic Model
of Tau Pathology, Penn Study Shows
New Model Provides First Step in Generating New Therapies
please see my source reference below ;
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;396:131-43.
Alzheimer's disease and transmissible virus dementia (Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease).
Brown P, Salazar AM, Gibbs CJ Jr, Gajdusek DC.
Abstract
Ample justification exists on clinical, pathologic, and biologic grounds
for considering a similar pathogenesis for AD and the spongiform virus
encephalopathies. However, the crux of the comparison rests squarely on results
of attempts to transmit AD to experimental animals, and these results have not
as yet validated a common etiology. Investigations of the biologic similarities
between AD and the spongiform virus encephalopathies proceed in several
laboratories, and our own observation of inoculated animals will be continued in
the hope that incubation periods for AD may be even longer than those of CJD.
CJD1/9 0185
Ref: 1M51A
IN STRICT CONFIDENCE
Dr McGovern From: Dr A Wight
Date: 5 January 1993
Copies: Dr Metters
Dr Skinner
Dr Pickles
Dr Morris
Mr Murray
TRANSMISSION OF ALZHEIMER-TYPE PLAQUES TO PRIMATES
1. CMO will wish to be aware that a meeting was held at DH yesterday, 4
January, to discuss the above findings. It was chaired by Professor Murray
(Chairman of the MRC Co-ordinating Committee on Research in the Spongiform
Encephalopathies in Man), and attended by relevant experts in the fields of
Neurology, Neuropathology, molecular biology, amyloid biochemistry, and the
spongiform encephalopathies, and by representatives of the MRC and AFRC. 2.
Briefly, the meeting agreed that:
i) Dr Ridley et als findings of experimental induction of p amyloid in
primates were valid, interesting and a significant advance in the understanding
of neurodegenerative disorders;
ii) there were no immediate implications for the public health, and no
further safeguards were thought to be necessary at present; and
iii) additional research was desirable, both epidemiological and at the
molecular level. Possible avenues are being followed up by DH and the MRC, but
the details will require further discussion. 93/01.05/4.1
BSE101/1 0136
IN CONFIDENCE
5 NOV 1992
CMO From: Dr J S Metters DCMO 4 November 1992
TRANSMISSION OF ALZHEIMER TYPE PLAQUES TO PRIMATES
1. Thank you for showing me Diana Dunstan's letter. I am glad that MRC have
recognized the public sensitivity of these findings and intend to report them in
their proper context. This hopefully will avoid misunderstanding and possible
distortion by the media to portray the results as having more greater
significance than the findings so far justify.
2. Using a highly unusual route of transmission (intra-cerebral injection)
the researchers have demonstrated the transmission of a pathological process
from two cases one of severe Alzheimer's disease the other of
Gerstmann-Straussler disease to marmosets. However they have not demonstrated
the transmission of either clinical condition as the "animals were behaving
normally when killed'. As the report emphasizes the unanswered question is
whether the disease condition would have revealed itself if the marmosets had
lived longer. They are planning further research to see if the conditions, as
opposed to the partial pathological process, is transmissible.
What are the implications for public health?
3. The route of transmission is very specific and in the natural state of
things highly unusual. However it could be argued that the results reveal a
potential risk, in that brain tissue from these two patients has been shown to
transmit a pathological process. Should therefore brain tissue from such cases
be regarded as potentially infective? Pathologists, morticians, neuro surgeons
and those assisting at neuro surgical procedures and others coming into contact
with "raw" human brain tissue could in theory be at risk. However, on a priori
grounds given the highly specific route of transmission in these experiments
that risk must be negligible if the usual precautions for handling brain tissue
are observed.
92/11.4/1-1
BSE101/1 0137
4. The other dimension to consider is the public reaction. To some extent
the GSS case demonstrates little more than the transmission of BSE to a pig by
intra-cerebral injection. If other prion diseases can be transmitted in this way
it is little surprise that some pathological findings observed in GSS were also
transmissible to a marmoset. But the transmission of features of Alzheimer's
pathology is a different matter, given the much greater frequency of this
disease and raises the unanswered question whether some cases are the result of
a transmissible prion. The only tenable public line will be that "more research
is required" before that hypothesis could be evaluated. The possibility on a
transmissible prion remains open. In the meantime MRC needs carefully to
consider the range and sequence of studies needed to follow through from the
preliminary observations in these two cases. Not a particularly comfortable
message, but until we know more about the causation of Alzheimer's disease the
total reassurance is not practical.
JS METTERS Room 509 Richmond House Pager No: 081-884 3344 Callsign: DOH 832
121/YdeS
92/11.4/1.2
BSE101/1 0136
IN CONFIDENCE
CMO
From: Dr J S Metters DCMO
4 November 1992
TRANSMISSION OF ALZHEIMER TYPE PLAQUES TO PRIMATES
CJD1/9 0185
Ref: 1M51A
IN STRICT CONFIDENCE
From: Dr. A Wight Date: 5 January 1993
Copies:
Dr Metters
Dr Skinner
Dr Pickles
Dr Morris
Mr Murray
TRANSMISSION OF ALZHEIMER-TYPE PLAQUES TO PRIMATES
Wednesday, January 5, 2011
ENLARGING SPECTRUM OF PRION-LIKE DISEASES Prusiner Colby et al 2011 Prions
David W. Colby1,* and Stanley B. Prusiner1,2
Tuesday, October 4, 2011
Molecular Psychiatry
advance online publication 4 October 2011; doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.120
De novo induction of amyloid-ß deposition in vivo
Our results suggest that some of the typical brain abnormalities associated
with AD can be induced by a prion-like mechanism of disease transmission through
propagation of protein misfolding. These findings may have broad implications
for understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation of AD,
and may contribute to the development of new strategies for disease prevention
and intervention. Keywords: amyloid; prion; protein misfolding; disease
transmission
Alzheimer’s disease and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy prion
disease, Iatrogenic, what if ?
Background
Alzheimer’s disease and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy disease
have both been around a long time, and was discovered in or around the same time
frame, early 1900’s. Both diseases are incurable and debilitating brain disease,
that are in the end, 100% fatal, with the incubation/clinical period of the
Alzheimer’s disease being longer (most of the time) than the TSE prion disease.
Symptoms are very similar, and pathology is very similar.
Methods
Through years of research, as a layperson, of peer review journals,
transmission studies, and observations of loved ones and friends that have died
from both Alzheimer’s and the TSE prion disease i.e. Heidenhain Variant
Creutzfelt Jakob Disease CJD.
Results
I propose that Alzheimer’s is a TSE disease of low dose, slow, and long
incubation disease, and that Alzheimer’s is Transmissible, and is a threat to
the public via the many Iatrogenic routes and sources. It was said long ago that
the only thing that disputes this, is Alzheimer’s disease transmissibility, or
the lack of. The likelihood of many victims of Alzheimer’s disease from the many
different Iatrogenic routes and modes of transmission as with the TSE prion
disease.
Conclusions
There should be a Global Congressional Science round table event set up
immediately to address these concerns from the many potential routes and sources
of the TSE prion disease, including Alzheimer’s disease, and a emergency global
doctrine put into effect to help combat the spread of Alzheimer’s disease via
the medical, surgical, dental, tissue, and blood arena’s. All human and animal
TSE prion disease, including Alzheimer’s should be made reportable in every
state, and Internationally, WITH NO age restrictions. Until a proven method of
decontamination and autoclaving is proven, and put forth in use universally, in
all hospitals and medical, surgical arena’s, or the TSE prion agent will
continue to spread. IF we wait until science and corporate politicians wait
until politics lets science _prove_ this once and for all, and set forth
regulations there from, we will all be exposed to the TSE Prion agents, if that
has not happened already.
end...tss
Wednesday, May 16, 2012
Alzheimer’s disease and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy prion
disease, Iatrogenic, what if ?
Proposal ID: 29403
UPDATE JUNE 28, 2012
Scottish TSE Network November Symposium Announcement Event: 12 November
2012
Chair: Prof Hugh Perry, University of Southampton, Southampton UK
Location: The Roslin Institute Building Auditorium
If you would like to book a place at this event, please let Gila Holliman
know.
Cost: £125.
Title: Is Alzheimer’s Disease a transmissible disease?
Speakers:
Session 1:
Prof Bob Will, National CJD Surveillance Unit, Edinburgh UK
Prof James Ironside, National CJD Surveillance Unit, Edinburgh UK
Prof Lary Walker, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta USA
Session 2:
Prof Mathias Jucker, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research,
Stuttgart Germany
Prof William Van Nostrand, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook USA
Dr Claudio Soto, University of Texas Medical School, Houston USA
Session 3:
Dr Fabrizio Tagliavini, Instituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan Italy
Prof Pedro Piccardo, Food and Drug Administration, Washington DC USA
Dr Bruce Chesebro, National Institutes of Health, Missoula USA
Friday, September 3, 2010
Alzheimer's, Autism, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson's, Prionoids,
Prionpathy, Prionopathy, TSE
Wednesday, September 21, 2011
PrioNet Canada researchers in Vancouver confirm prion-like properties in
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
SCENARIO 3: ‘THE THIN STEMMED GLASS’
... a TSE is found that is linked to Alzheimer’s disease.
Thursday, January 17, 2013
TSE guidance, surgical, dental, blood risk factors, Part 4 Infection
control of CJD, vCJD and other human prion diseases in healthcare and community
settings (updated January 2013)
Monday, January 14, 2013
Gambetti et al USA Prion Unit change another highly suspect USA mad cow
victim to another fake name i.e. sporadic FFI at age 16 CJD Foundation goes
along with this BSe
Monday, December 31, 2012
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease and Human TSE Prion Disease in Washington State,
2006–2011-2012
Saturday, December 29, 2012
MAD COW USA HUMAN TSE PRION DISEASE DECEMBER 29 2012 CJD CASE LAB REPORT
Tuesday, December 25, 2012
CREUTZFELDT JAKOB TSE PRION DISEASE HUMANS END OF YEAR REVIEW DECEMBER 25,
2012
Friday, November 23, 2012
sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease update As at 5th November 2012 UK, USA,
AND CANADA
Letters
JAMA. 2001;285(6):733-734. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.6.733
Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Terry S. Singeltary, Sr Bacliff, Tex
Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first
150 words of the full text.
KEYWORDS: creutzfeldt-jakob disease, diagnosis. To the Editor: In their
Research Letter, Dr Gibbons and colleagues1 reported that the annual US death
rate due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been stable since 1985. These
estimates, however, are based only on reported cases, and do not include
misdiagnosed or preclinical cases. It seems to me that misdiagnosis alone would
drastically change these figures. An unknown number of persons with a diagnosis
of Alzheimer disease in fact may have CJD, although only a small number of these
patients receive the postmortem examination necessary to make this diagnosis.
Furthermore, only a few states have made CJD reportable. Human and animal
transmissible spongiform encephalopathies should be reportable nationwide and
internationally.
References 1. Gibbons RV, Holman RC, Belay ED, Schonberger LB.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States: 1979-1998. JAMA.
2000;284:2322-2323.
Published March 26, 2003
RE-Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
in the United States
Terry S. Singeltary, retired (medically)
I lost my mother to hvCJD (Heidenhain Variant CJD). I would like to comment
on the CDC's attempts to monitor the occurrence of emerging forms of CJD.
Asante, Collinge et al [1] have reported that BSE transmission to the
129-methionine genotype can lead to an alternate phenotype that is
indistinguishable from type 2 PrPSc, the commonest sporadic CJD. However, CJD
and all human TSEs are not reportable nationally. CJD and all human TSEs must be
made reportable in every state and internationally. I hope that the CDC does not
continue to expect us to still believe that the 85%+ of all CJD cases which are
sporadic are all spontaneous, without route/source. We have many TSEs in the USA
in both animal and man. CWD in deer/elk is spreading rapidly and CWD does
transmit to mink, ferret, cattle, and squirrel monkey by intracerebral
inoculation. With the known incubation periods in other TSEs, oral transmission
studies of CWD may take much longer. Every victim/family of CJD/TSEs should be
asked about route and source of this agent. To prolong this will only spread the
agent and needlessly expose others. In light of the findings of Asante and
Collinge et al, there should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and
surgical arena from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many
sporadic CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?
Published March 26, 2003
THE PATHOLOGICAL PROTEIN
BY Philip Yam
Yam Philip Yam News Editor Scientific American www.sciam.com
Answering critics like Terry Singeltary, who feels that the U.S. under-
counts CJD, Schonberger conceded that the current surveillance system has errors
but stated that most of the errors will be confined to the older population.
CHAPTER 14
Laying Odds
Are prion diseases more prevalent than we thought?
Researchers and government officials badly underestimated the threat that
mad cow disease posed when it first appeared in Britain. They didn't think
bovine spongiform encephalopathy was a zoonosis-an animal disease that can
sicken people. The 1996 news that BSE could infect humans with a new form of
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease stunned the world. It also got some biomedical
researchers wondering whether sporadic CJD may really be a manifestation of a
zoonotic sickness. Might it be caused by the ingestion of prions, as variant CJD
is?
Revisiting Sporadic CJD
It's not hard to get Terry Singeltary going. "I have my conspiracy
theories," admitted the 49-year-old Texan.1 Singeltary is probably the nation's
most relentless consumer advocate when it comes to issues in prion diseases. He
has helped families learn about the sickness and coordinated efforts with
support groups such as CJD Voice and the CJD Foundation. He has also connected
with others who are critical of the American way of handling the threat of prion
diseases. Such critics include Consumers Union's Michael Hansen, journalist John
Stauber, and Thomas Pringle, who used to run the voluminous www.madcow. org Web
site. These three lend their expertise to newspaper and magazine stories about
prion diseases, and they usually argue that prions represent more of a threat
than people realize, and that the government has responded poorly to the dangers
because it is more concerned about protecting the beef industry than people's
health.
Singeltary has similar inclinations. ...
snip...
THE PATHOLOGICAL PROTEIN
Hardcover, 304 pages plus photos and illustrations. ISBN 0-387-95508-9
June 2003
BY Philip Yam
CHAPTER 14 LAYING ODDS
Answering critics like Terry Singeltary, who feels that the U.S. under-
counts CJD, Schonberger conceded that the current surveillance system has errors
but stated that most of the errors will be confined to the older population.
14th ICID International Scientific Exchange Brochure -
Final Abstract Number: ISE.114
Session: International Scientific Exchange
Transmissible Spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) animal and human TSE in North
America update October 2009
T. Singeltary
Bacliff, TX, USA
Background:
An update on atypical BSE and other TSE in North America. Please remember,
the typical U.K. c-BSE, the atypical l-BSE (BASE), and h-BSE have all been
documented in North America, along with the typical scrapie's, and atypical
Nor-98 Scrapie, and to date, 2 different strains of CWD, and also TME. All these
TSE in different species have been rendered and fed to food producing animals
for humans and animals in North America (TSE in cats and dogs ?), and that the
trading of these TSEs via animals and products via the USA and Canada has been
immense over the years, decades.
Methods:
12 years independent research of available data
Results:
I propose that the current diagnostic criteria for human TSEs only enhances
and helps the spreading of human TSE from the continued belief of the UKBSEnvCJD
only theory in 2009. With all the science to date refuting it, to continue to
validate this old myth, will only spread this TSE agent through a multitude of
potential routes and sources i.e. consumption, medical i.e., surgical, blood,
dental, endoscopy, optical, nutritional supplements, cosmetics etc.
Conclusion:
I would like to submit a review of past CJD surveillance in the USA, and
the urgent need to make all human TSE in the USA a reportable disease, in every
state, of every age group, and to make this mandatory immediately without
further delay. The ramifications of not doing so will only allow this agent to
spread further in the medical, dental, surgical arena's. Restricting the
reporting of CJD and or any human TSE is NOT scientific. Iatrogenic CJD knows NO
age group, TSE knows no boundaries. I propose as with Aguzzi, Asante, Collinge,
Caughey, Deslys, Dormont, Gibbs, Gajdusek, Ironside, Manuelidis, Marsh, et al
and many more, that the world of TSE Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy is
far from an exact science, but there is enough proven science to date that this
myth should be put to rest once and for all, and that we move forward with a new
classification for human and animal TSE that would properly identify the
infected species, the source species, and then the route.
Article
Human Prion Diseases in the United States
Robert C. Holman mail,
Ermias D. Belay,
Krista Y. Christensen,
Ryan A. Maddox,
Arialdi M. Minino,
Arianne M. Folkema,
Dana L. Haberling,
Teresa A. Hammett,
Kenneth D. Kochanek,
James J. Sejvar,
Lawrence B. Schonberger
CJD Singeltary submission to PLOS ;
No competing interests declared.
new link url ;
with kindest regards,
terry
MOM RIP 12/14/97 confirmed Heidenhain Variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease and
her MOM and Brother died with Alzheimer’s...I can’t wait to see what
happens...not.
layperson
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
P.O. Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
No comments:
Post a Comment